From Bambouk gold to mobile money.
A thousand years of West African money, in eight steps — and what we're building next.
Scroll: a thousand years of money, and what comes next
What gives money its value?
Gold
Bambouk, the Falémé valley
Its value: the metal
Long before the year 1000, gold panned from the rivers of eastern Senegal crossed the Sahara by caravan. It made Ghana rich, then Mali.
1324
Mansa Musa in Cairo
Its value: scarcity
On his way to Mecca, the emperor of Mali spent so much gold in Cairo that its price there fell for about twelve years — or so al-Umari wrote. Too much gold, and gold is worth less.
Cowries
Markets of Mali, 14th century
Its value: everyone agrees
For everyday trade, people counted in shells from the Indian Ocean. Worthless in themselves, accepted by the whole market. Ibn Battuta noted a rate: 1,150 cowries to one gold dinar.
1945
The CFA franc is born
Its value: an issuer
On 26 December 1945 the CFA franc was created. Money became state coins and banknotes, its value guaranteed by the issuer.
Cash
Decades of banknotes
Its limit: the paper trail
Money had to be counted, carried and kept. It got lost, it got stolen, and when it changed hands only a receipt proved it.
Mobile
Wave, Orange Money
Its limit: separate books
Today people pay with their phones. But Wave on one side, Orange Money on the other: for a merchant that's two accounts, two statements, two ways to check.
Xaalis
Dakar, today
Its value: proof
One ledger for all your payments: every franc written on both sides, every notification signed, nothing counted twice. Money without weight is worth what its books are worth.
Tomorrow
From Dakar across West Africa
Our ambition
The CFA franc is already shared by eight West African countries. From Dakar, we're building the infrastructure for money to move between their phones with the same proof — then across the continent.